Once numerous and powerful, by almost constant warfare they have become greatly reduced in numbers. An account of their atrocities and raids would fill a volume. Their lung power enabled them to start at the base of a mountain and run to the summit without stopping. The stories of the feats of men running a hundred miles in a day come down to us from the days of Coronado and from the old officers of the army who were formerly stationed in that country. They excelled in activity, cunning, endurance, and cruelty. The Apaches believed themselves to be the first and superior race. в–І Main Article в–І Primary Sources (1) Nelson Miles, Personal Recollections and Observations (1896) In September 1886 Geronimo signed a peace treaty with Miles and the last of the Indian Wars was over. This strategy was also unsuccessful and eventually he resorting to Crook's strategy of offering a negotiated deal. General Nelson Miles replaced Crook and attempted to defeat Geronimo by military means. Crook was criticized for the way he was dealing with the situation and as a result he asked to be relieved of his command. He continued to carry out raids until he took part in peace talks with General George Crook. In 1882 they carried out their most ambitious raid of all when they attacked San Carlos.ДЄfter the death of Juh, Geronimo became the leader of the Apache warriors still resisting white settlement. In 1881 Juh and Geronimo and their people left the reservation and headed for the Sierra Madre.

Victorio and 77 other Apaches were killed in the fighting. On 15th October, 1880, Lieutenant Colonel Joaquin Terrazas finally ambushed Victorio and his men in the Tres Castillos Mountains in Chihuahua. However, he once again escaped and by August 1880 was launching further attacks in West Texas. With the help of Apache scouts the army traced him in the Black Mountains. He then moved east and ambushed Mexican militia killing around 30 men. He fought off an attempt to arrest him by Major Albert Morrow. On 21st August, 1879, Victorio took his people to the Black Range mountains. The following year Geronimo surrendered and settled on the San Carlos Reservation. Geronimo was eventually released and by April 1878 he was leading war parties in Mexico. Geronimo was captured when entering the Ojo Caliente Reservation in New Mexico. This was followed by a rare defeat in the Leitendorf Mountains. Geronimo also attacked American troops in the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona, on 9th January, 1877. Geronimo refused to go and over the next few years he led a small band of warriors that raided settlements in Arizona. Geronimo, the leader of the Chiricahua in Arizona, went on the warpath when in 1876 the American government ordered them from their mountain homeland to the San Carlos Reservation. Cochise and his men were pursued but after a fight near Fort Bowie the soldiers were forced to retreat. The Apaches also attacked stage coaches and in 1869 killed a Texas cowboy and stole 250 cattle. On 14th July, 1862 Mangas Coloradas, Juh, Victorio, Geronimo and Cochise took part in the attack at Apache Pass. In July, 1861 a war party murdered six white people travelling on a stage coach at Cooke's Canyon. Mangas Coloradas and Cochise killed five people during an attack on a stage at Stein's Peak, New Mexico. Open warfare now broke out and during the next 60 days 150 white people were killed and five stage stations destroyed. The wounded Cochise now gave orders for the execution of four white men being held in captivity.

When he tried to flee he was shot at by the soldiers. Bascom rejected the offer and instead tried to take Cochise hostage. Cochise met Bascom and told him that he would try to recover the boy. Second Lieutenant George Bascom was sent out with 54 soldiers to recover the boy.

On 27th January, 1861, a group of Apaches led by Chatto stole cattle and kidnapped a boy from a Sonoita Valley ranch. There was little tribal solidarity and they did most of their fighting in small groups. There were six main tribal divisions: Jicarilla, Mescalero, Chircahua, Mimbrenos, San Carlos and Coyotero. They travelled in small raiding bands or clans and lived in brush shelters called wickyups. The name comes from the Zuni word apachu (enemy). Apaches were nomadic tribes living in Arizona and New Mexico.

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